N’chifukwa Chiyani Masamba a Nzimbe Amaonedwa Kuti Ndi Abwino Kwambiri?

1. Magwero a Zinthu ndi Kukhazikika:

●Pulasitiki: Yopangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale (mafuta/gasi). Kupanga kumafuna mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumathandizira kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya woipa.

●Pepala Lokhazikika: Nthawi zambiri limapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa osapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo iwonongeke. Ngakhale mapepala obwezerezedwanso amafunika kukonzedwa bwino komanso mankhwala.

●Zina Zochokera ku Zomera (monga, PLA, Tirigu, Mpunga, Nsungwi): PLA nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga kapena wowuma wa nzimbe, zomwe zimafuna mbewu zapadera. Tirigu, mpunga, kapena udzu wa nsungwi zimagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zoyambira zaulimi kapena kukolola kwina.

●Nzimbe Bagasse: Yopangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za ulusi (bagasse) zomwe zatsala mutatulutsa madzi kuchokera ku nzimbe. Ndi zinthu zotayidwa zomwe zimasinthidwa, zomwe sizifuna malo owonjezera, madzi, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga udzu wokha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yozungulira.

2. Kutha kwa Moyo ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Zamoyo:

●Pulasitiki: Imakhalabe m'chilengedwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri mpaka zikwi zambiri, ndipo imagawika kukhala mapulasitiki ang'onoang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa udzu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.

●Pepala Lokhazikika: Limawola ndipo limatha kupangidwa manyowa. Komabe, ambiri amapakidwa ndi mapulasitiki (PFA/PFOA) kapena sera kuti apewe kunyowa, kulepheretsa kuwola komanso kusiya mapulasitiki ang'onoang'ono kapena zotsalira za mankhwala. Ngakhale pepala losapakidwa limawola pang'onopang'ono m'malo otayira zinyalala popanda mpweya.

●Zina Zochokera ku Zomera (PLA): Zimafuna malo opangira manyowa m'mafakitale (otentha kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) kuti ziwonongeke bwino. PLA imagwira ntchito ngati pulasitiki m'nyumba kapena m'malo a m'nyanja ndipo imaipitsa mitsinje yobwezeretsanso pulasitiki. Tirigu/Mpunga/Nsungwi zimawonongeka koma kuchuluka kwa manyowa kumasiyana.

●Manyowa a Nzimbe: Amawonongeka mwachilengedwe komanso amatha kupangidwa manyowa m'mafakitale komanso m'nyumba. Amawonongeka mwachangu kuposa mapepala ndipo sasiya zotsalira zovulaza.udzu wa masangweji wothira manyowa alibe pulasitiki/PFA.

3. Kulimba ndi Chidziwitso cha Ogwiritsa Ntchito:

●Pulasitiki: Yolimba kwambiri, sinyowa.

●Pepala Lokhazikika: Limatha kunyowa ndi kugwa, makamaka m'zakumwa zozizira kapena zotentha, mkati mwa mphindi 10-30. Kumva kupweteka pakamwa kukakhala konyowa.

●Zina Zochokera ku Zipatso: PLA imamveka ngati pulasitiki koma imatha kufewa pang'ono mu zakumwa zotentha. Tirigu/Mpunga ukhoza kukhala ndi kukoma/kapangidwe kosiyana ndipo ukhozanso kufewa. Nsungwi ndi yolimba koma nthawi zambiri ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, imafunika kutsukidwa.

●Nzimbe Bagasse: Yolimba kwambiri kuposa pepala. Nthawi zambiri imakhala maola 2-4+ mu zakumwa popanda kunyowa kapena kutaya kapangidwe kake. Imapereka chidziwitso chofanana kwambiri ndi pulasitiki kuposa pepala.

4. Zotsatira za Kupanga:

●Pulasitiki: Kaboni wambiri, kuipitsa mpweya chifukwa chochotsa ndi kuyeretsa.

●Pepala Lokhazikika: Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri, kuyera kwa mankhwala (ma dioxin omwe angakhalepo), kupukuta kwa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Nkhawa zokhudza kudula mitengo.

●Zina Zochokera ku Zomera: Kupanga kwa PLA n'kovuta komanso kumafuna mphamvu zambiri. Tirigu/Mpunga/Nsungwi zimafuna zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito m'minda (madzi, nthaka, mankhwala ophera tizilombo).

●Nzimbe Bagasse: Imagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala, kuchepetsa kutayira zinyalala. Kukonza nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso mankhwala ambiri kuposa kupanga mapepala ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya biomass kuchokera ku kutentha kwa basasse ku mphero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isalowerere mpweya.

5. Zina Zoganizira:

●Pulasitiki: Yowononga nyama zakuthengo, imayambitsa mavuto a pulasitiki m'nyanja.

●Pepala Lokhazikika: Mankhwala opaka utoto (PFA/PFOA) ndi poizoni wokhazikika pa chilengedwe komanso mavuto azaumoyo.

●Zina Zochokera ku Zomera: Kusokonezeka kwa PLA kumabweretsa kuipitsidwa. Udzu wa tirigu ukhoza kukhala ndi gluten. Nsungwi imafunika kutsukidwa ngati ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

●Nzimbe Bagasse: Mwachilengedwe mulibe gluten. Ndi chakudya chotetezeka ikapangidwa motsatira malamulo. Palibe mankhwala ofunikira kuti igwire ntchito.

Tawuni Yoyerekeza Chidule:

Udzu wa nzimbe wa basasse umapereka mgwirizano wabwino kwambiri:

1,   Mbiri Yabwino Kwambiri Yachilengedwe: Yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zambiri zaulimi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kutayira zinyalala.

2,   Kugwira Ntchito Kwabwino Kwambiri: Kolimba kwambiri komanso kosagwedezeka kuposa udzu wa mapepala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azisangalala kwambiri.

3,   Kukhazikika Koyenera kwa Manyowa: Kumawonongeka mwachilengedwe m'malo oyenera popanda kusiya mapulasitiki owopsa kapena zotsalira za mankhwala (onetsetsani kuti ndi zovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati manyowa).

4,   Zotsatira Zochepa: Amagwiritsa ntchito chinthu china, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso popanga zinthu.

Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yogwiritsira ntchito kamodzi kokha yomwe ili yabwino, nzimbeudzu wa masaji Kuyimira sitepe yofunika kwambiri kuchokera ku pulasitiki ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito poyerekeza ndi udzu wamba wa mapepala, kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kuti zipeze yankho lothandiza komanso losawononga mphamvu zambiri.

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